Optical transceivers are essential components in modern networking systems. They convert electrical signals to optical signals, enabling data transmission over long distances. However, like any other electronic device, optical transceivers are susceptible to faults and malfunctions. These issues can lead to poor network performance, data loss, and even network downtime. Therefore, it’s crucial to troubleshooting any…
Introduction of radio altimeter simulator A radio altimeter is an essential piece of equipment used in aircraft to measure the distance between the aircraft and the ground directly beneath it. The radio altimeter sends out radio waves and calculates the time taken for the waves to be reflected back from the ground, which is used to determine…
InGaAs optical photodetectors are highly sensitive devices that are widely used in a range of applications such as telecommunications, remote sensing, and spectroscopy. They are capable of detecting light in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, which is essential for many applications. However, selecting the right InGaAs photodetector for your specific needs can be a…
Radio altimeters are an important tool for pilots during takeoff and landing. They help to determine the height of the aircraft above the ground and can be crucial in ensuring a safe landing. However, training with radio altimeters can be difficult and costly, especially when using real aircraft. This is where radio altimeter simulators come in….
An optical delay line is a device that can change the optical path, and it has a wide range of applications in optical detection fields such as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ultrafast time-resolution spectroscopy. Photoconductive Antenna Detection Principle In a typical terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system based on a photoconductive antenna, the…
There are three common photoelectric conversions (conversion of absorbed photons into charges) mechanisms in photodetectors, which are the photoconductive effect (PCE), photovoltaic effect (PVE), and photo thermoelectric effect (PTE). Fig. 1 (a) Schematic diagram of the structure of 2D photodetector based on SiO2/Si substrate. (b) Schematic diagram of the photoconductive effect: in a dark field and…
This tutorial focuses on reverse-biased p-n junctions that are commonly used for making optical receivers. Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors are also discussed briefly. 1. P-N PHOTODIODES A reverse-biased p-n junction consists of a region, known as the depletion region, that is essentially devoid of free charge carriers and where a large built-in electric field opposes the flow of…
Photodiodes and phototransistors are often confused with each other because of their similar operation. Both are semiconductor-based components that sense light intensity and convert it into an electrical signal, but they differ. What is the difference between a photodiode and a phototransistor? Before diving into the differences between photodiodes and phototransistors, we need to understand…
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